架构于双树轮廓波方向及相位特征的纹理图像分割

考虑到纹理的方向及相位特性,提出一种基于双树轮廓波变换的纹理图像分割新方法.双树轮廓波由塔型双树方向滤波器组构建,它不仅保持了轮廓波灵活的方向选择性,克服了传统轮廓波不具有移不变性的缺点,而且提供了复子带系数.本文以各方向子带的能量作为方向特征,复系数的平均相角作为相位特征,生成特征向量,利用模糊C均值聚类算法进行纹理图像分割.实验结果表明,相位特征是方向特征的有效补充,与传统方法相比,该方法在分割错误率、边缘准确性以及区域一致性等方面均有明显的改善.     

折/衍混合的红外双视场光学系统设计

为了实现红外双视场光学系统两个视场间的快速切换,同时满足便携式及易安装的需求,设计了一种轻量化的折/衍混合红外双视场光学系统.系统采用折/衍混合和二次成像光学结构,利用光学设计软件对系统进行优化,评价了系统的像质,分析了系统温度补偿问题并给出其温度调焦曲线.系统工作波长为3.7～4.8 μm,能实现120 mm/60 mm两档焦距变换.设计结果表明,冷光阑效率达到100%,在探测器的Nyquist频率33 lp/mm处,轴外视场光学系统的调制传递函数大于0.3,系统光学总长为200 mm.整个系统包括7块透镜,只需移动一片透镜就能完成双视场的转换,结构简单,实现了轻量化和高质量成像.     

Sonochemiluminescence observation and acoustic detection of cavitation induced by pulsed HIFU at a tissue–fluid interface

The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism of the erosion process induced by 1.2 MHz pulsed high-intensity focused ultrasound (pulsed HIFU). By using Sonochemiluminescence (SCL) photograph, the initiation and maintenance of active cavitation were observed. In order to understand the role of both inertial cavitation and stable cavitation, a passive cavitation detection (PCD) transducer was used. Since the exposure variables of HIFU are important in the controlled ultrasound tissue erosion, the influence of pulse length (PL) and duty cycle (DC, T_on:T_off) has been examined. The results of tissue hole, SCL observation and acoustic detection revealed that the erosion was highly efficient for shorter PL. For higher DCs, the area of SCL increased with increasing PL. For lower DCs, the area of SCL increased with increasing PL from 10 to 20 μs and then kept constant. For all PLs, the intensity of SCL decreased with lower DC. For all DCs, the intensity of SCL per unit area (the ratio of SCL intensity to SCL area) also decreased with increasing PL from 10 to 80 μs, which suggested that the higher the intensity of SCL is, the higher the efficiency of tissue erosion is. At DC of 1:10, the position of the maximum pixel in SCL pictures was distant from the tissue–fluid interface with the increasing PL because of shielding effect. By the comparison of inertial cavitation dose (ICD) and the stable cavitation dose (SCD), the mechanisms associated with inertial cavitation are very likely to be the key factor of the erosion process.     

TEM study of the deformation structures around nano-scratches

An in-plane transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigation carried out on nano-scratches made in a Ni₃Al foil revealed a high dislocation density within the scratch core, resulting in severe crystal rotations. The amount and sense of rotation were found to be asymmetrical about the longitudinal centre line of the scratch. Cross-sectional TEM analysis revealed that almost all the dislocations were confined within a semicircular zone having a radius similar to the calculated tip-sample contact size during scratching, in agreement with the in-plane TEM observations.     

Characterization of the fracture toughness of micro-sized tungsten single crystal notched specimens

Fracture experiments using micrometer-sized notched cantilevers were conducted to investigate the possibility of determining fracture mechanical parameters for the semi-brittle material tungsten. The experiments were also used to improve the understanding of semi-brittle fracture processes for which single crystalline tungsten serves as a model material. Due to the large plastic zone in relation to the micrometer sample size, linear elastic fracture mechanics is inapplicable and elastic-plastic fracture mechanics has to be applied. Conditional fracture toughness values J _Q were calculated from corrected force vs. displacement diagrams. Crack growth was accessible by direct observation of in-situ experiments as well as with the help of unloading compliances. As a further tool, fracture toughness can be determined via crack tip opening displacement. The micro samples behave more ductile and exhibit higher fracture toughness values compared to macro-sized single crystals and fail by stable crack propagation.     

原子力显微镜探针悬臂几何结构变化对高次谐波信息增强的研究

轻敲模式原子力显微镜高次谐波信号包含待测样品表面纳米力学特性等方面的信息, 但是传统原子力显微镜的高次谐波信号非常微弱. 里兹法证明在探针悬臂的特定位置打孔可以实现探针的内共振从而增强高次谐波信号强度. 本文通过有限元仿真计算获得探针第一共振频、第二共振频及其比值随着孔的尺寸和位置变化的规律. 在实验上通过聚焦离子束在探针悬臂上打孔使其第二共振频约为第一共振频的6倍, 提高了第6次谐波信号的信噪比, 并在实验室研制的高次谐波成像实验装置上获得了6次谐波图像. 关键词： 轻敲模式原子力显微镜 探针悬臂几何结构 高次谐波 聚焦离子束加工     

Artinian Serial Modules over Commutative (or,Left Noetherian) Rings are at Most One Step Away from Being Noetherian

We introduce and study the concept of dual perfect dimension which is a Krull-like dimension extension of the concept of acc on finitely generated submodules. We observe some basic facts for modules with this dimension, which are similar to the basic properties of modules with Noetherian dimension. For Artinian serial modules, we show that these two dimensions coincide. Consequently, we prove that the Noetherian dimension of non-Noetherian Artinian serial modules over the rings of the title is 1.     

Characteristic Elements of Unimodular -lattices

Characteristic elements have been useful in the classification of unimodular lattices over the integers. This article gives an explicit formula for characteristic elements of a lattice in terms of a basis for the lattice and the dual of that basis.     

Perfect Pairs of Ideals and Duals in Numerical Semigroups

This article considers numerical semigroups S that have a nonprincipal relative ideal I such that μ _S (I)μ _S (S ? I) = μ _S (I + (S ? I)). We show the existence of an infinite family of such pairs (S, I) in which I + (S ? I) = S\{0}. We also show examples of such pairs that are not members of this family. We discuss the computational process used to find these examples and present some open questions pertaining to them.     

A Remark on Kleiman–Piene's Question for Gauss Maps

We discuss some algebraic properties of the monoid generated by (left) translations in left distributive structures.This furnishes methods for enriching the original structure with a compatible associative product.